The Incas I: Manco Cápac, the Founder of the Kingdom of Cusco

Manco Cápac, also known as Ayar Manco, is considered the founder of the Kingdom of Cusco, which would later become the powerful Inca Empire. Although his story is surrounded by myths and legends, historical studies suggest that he was a real figure who played a key role in consolidating Inca civilization.

Nomadic Origins and the Foundation of Cusco

Manco Cápac was born in Tamputoco, possibly in the current province of Paruro, in the Cusco region. It is believed that his family led a nomadic lifestyle, moving in search of fertile lands and safe havens due to the Aymara invasions from the Altiplano. His father, Apu Tambo, may have been a leader of a migratory group that settled in the Cusco valley.

According to various sources, Manco Cápac's arrival in the Cusco valley was marked by conflicts with local tribes, such as the Ayarmacas and Pinaguas, who saw the Incas as invaders. To secure his place in the region, he led battles and strengthened his community, making Cusco the center of his emerging domain.

Government and Organization of the Kingdom

During his reign, which lasted around thirty years, Manco Cápac implemented a government system that established strict laws to maintain social order. He prohibited homicide, adultery, and theft, promoting a code of conduct based on morality and discipline.

One of his greatest contributions was institutionalizing the worship of the Sun (Inti) as the main deity of the Incas. To do this, he ordered the construction of the Inticancha, which would later become Coricancha, the great Temple of the Sun in Cusco.

Wife and Son: Consolidating the Inca Lineage

Manco Cápac married Mama Ocllo, who, according to tradition, was both his sister and his wife, following the noble Inca custom of preserving royal blood purity. Their son, Sinchi Roca, succeeded him as ruler, ensuring the continuity of the Inca lineage and strengthening the kingdom’s expansion.

Defense and Expansion Against Other Tribes

Upon settling in Cusco, the Incas had to face more powerful tribes surrounding them. Manco Cápac led a series of defensive battles to maintain control of his territory and solidify his settlement. He organized his people into rudimentary military structures and fostered strategic alliances with some local groups.

Legacy and Transcendence

Manco Cápac died in 1230, and his body was mummified, remaining in Cusco until Pachacuti ordered its transfer to the temple at Lake Titicaca. His leadership laid the foundation for the later expansion of the Inca Empire, establishing a system of government, laws, and social organization that would be essential for the growth of the Tahuantinsuyo.

Regardless of the veracity of some mythical accounts, his figure is central to Inca history, as it represents the beginning of the consolidation of Cusco as the center of Andean power and the unification of various peoples under a single rule.

Source: Wikipedia